品牌集中度及其度量模型研究

市场集中度是描述市场结构特征的重要指标,它是从厂商角度对市场份额、业务规模等经济指标进行度量的,但它是一种静态指标,无法揭示不同品牌定位的厂商策略行为以及市场结构的动态演变。在引入品牌因素构建简单的品牌集中度模型及从消费者选择角度对市场结构的特征和演变进行分析后发现,厂商的市场份额与品牌需求强度系数呈同方向变动,与品型需求系数呈同方向变动,与价格呈反方向变动,与品牌信用度呈同方向变动;而且品牌信用度愈大,品牌集中度也愈高。中国电冰箱行业的市场结构特征和演进的实证分析显示,该模型具有较强的现实解释力。     

进一步完善服务贸易统计体系研究——以浙江省宁波市为例

完善服务贸易统计体系,做好国际服务贸易统计工作,为服务贸易的发展提供咨询、监督、预警和指导,是大力发展服务贸易所必须解决的一项基础性课题。由于服务贸易统计体系涉及部门较多,情况分散复杂,在推动和发展服务贸易的过程中尚未形成一个整体协调的有效工作体制,建立并完善宁波市服务贸易统计体系的步伐比较缓慢。文章认为,完善宁波服务贸易统计体系必须改善国际收支申报的细节工作,优化服务贸易申报过程;改进统计方法——大力提倡抽样调查法收集统计数据;确立有效的服务贸易统计主体;加快宁波服务贸易统计的制度化、信息化和科学化建设。     

PORTFOLIO CHOICE VIA QUANTILES

A portfolio choice model in continuous time is formulated for both complete and incomplete markets, where the quantile function of the terminal cash flow, instead of the cash flow itself, is taken as the decision variable. This formulation covers a wide body of existing and new models with law‐invariant preference measures, including expected utility maximization, mean–variance, goal reaching, Yaari's dual model, Lopes' SP/A model, behavioral model under prospect theory, as well as those explicitly involving VaR and CVaR in objectives and/or constraints. A solution scheme to this quantile model is proposed, and then demonstrated by solving analytically the goal‐reaching model and Yaari's dual model. A general property derived for the quantile model is that the optimal terminal payment is anticomonotonic with the pricing kernel (or with the minimal pricing kernel in the case of an incomplete market if the investment opportunity set is deterministic). As a consequence, the mutual fund theorem still holds in a market where rational and irrational agents co‐exist.     

城市重要经济目标的防护措施分析

城市重要经济目标决定着国家安全和稳定，但目前我国城市重要经济目标的防护工作还存在着思想认识不够、防护专项法规不健全、防护标准和规范也缺乏、防护力量薄弱且手段落后等问题。因此，应围绕城市重要经济目标保护搞好国防教育，超前合理规划与确定城市重要经济目标布局，认真贯彻“新三防”采取针对性强的防护措施，科学制定城市重要经济目标的防护方案，构建“综合防护”与“整体防护”的一体化机制，走群专结合发挥优势，走人民战争之路以做好城市重要经济目标的防护工作。     

商品混凝土楼板裂缝防治技术措施

文章分析了商品混凝土楼板裂缝产生的原因,并提出相应防治措施。     

Measuring Food Product Differentiation by Quality Ratings: A Cross‐Entropy Analysis of Specialty Coffee e‐Auctions

Food quality ratings can be used for product differentiation and strategic marketing. This article develops a differentiation measure based on the cross‐entropy of two distributions for speciality coffees. It examines whether quality ratings achieve their objectives for speciality coffee supply chains. The estimation, using e‐auctions data, indicates that the quality rating is more informative in the Cup of Excellence (CofE) relative to the Q auction. To determine significance, a statistical test for comparing the information measure across different e‐auctions and segments of the quality rating was developed. The significant difference between the two auctions is not a surprise as the auctions trade coffee lots of different volumes and the quality evaluation is more important in the case of the CofE, with its jury of renowned coffee experts. The total cross‐entropy measure of product differentiation shows that the 100‐point quality rating does not carry the same information content and meaning in the two different e‐auctions and their respective supply chains. The cross‐entropy measure of product differentiation is shown to be a good indicator of the information and the value created throughout the speciality food supply chain.     

Cash management using multi-stage stochastic programming

We consider a cash management problem where a company with a given financial endowment and given future cash flows minimizes the Conditional Value at Risk of final wealth using a lower bound for the expected terminal wealth. We formulate the optimization problem as a multi-stage stochastic linear program (SLP). The company can choose between a riskless asset (cash), several default- and option-free bonds, and an equity investment, and rebalances the portfolio at every stage. The uncertainty faced by the company is reflected in the development of interest rates and equity returns. Our model has two new features compared to the existing literature, which uses no-arbitrage interest rate models for the scenario generation. First, we explicitly estimate a function for the market price of risk and change the underlying probability measure. Second, we simulate scenarios for equity returns with moment-matching by an extension of the interest rate scenario tree.     

企业管理创新浅析

企业管理创新是未来企业的发展趋势,是企业保持活力及推动整个经济发展的根源。本文分析了企业管理创新的必要性和企业管理创新的发展趋势,提出了促进我国企业管理创新的战略措施。     

Schooling in a Corporate Society

This article defines a measure of the quality of life in the regional capitals of Poland and compares the results. This taxonomic measure is based on a set of diagnostic traits, including housing conditions, state of the natural environment, labor market, personal safety, and range of cultural services available. For this purpose, a set of variables from 2011 was observed for each regional capital. This research is important in defining the difference between our target cities from the standpoint of social development. It also allows us to classify the cities into groups based on the quality of life of their inhabitants.     

地勘单位企业化经营改革要深化要务实——各省（区、市）地勘局长研讨会纪实

文章认为,在地勘单位企业化经营改革中,抓住了经营,就抓住了事改企的实质.文章概括地总结了参加研讨的各省(区、市)地勘局地勘单位深化改革,强化经营管理的经验,对进一步深化改革,加强经营管理提出了务实性的举措.